1. (基于诊断测评结果的)学情分析
说明:
(1) 深入分析优诊学诊断报告,聚焦问题。
缺乏语法应用灵活性:对于语法学习学生都是死记硬背,不懂如何活学活用与灵活迁移。
缺乏语法探索的自主性:都是教师给学生归纳好了语法规则,学生缺乏自我探索的过程,
缺乏语言形式背后的意义探索:学生过于拘泥于语法的外在形式,而忽视了语言背后的意义探索。
(2) 分析学生的能力情况。
学生能在相关主题的书面语篇中,理解和使用常用的单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配;能在相关主题的书面语篇中,理解和使用如下语法项目:时态(一般现在时、现在进行时和一般过去时),主谓一致(根据句子主语的单复数使用相应的动词形式),简单句和并列句。
2. (体现诊断测评结果的)语篇研读
说明:
(1) 深入分析文本本身的内容和意义,如分析文本的主题意义和主要内容、写作意图、文体结构和语言修辞等。
人教版八年级下册第二单元的主题情境是志愿工作,单元语法目标是动词不定式。针对该语法课例的“逆向设计”如下:1. 确定预期结果:学生能理解和正确使用动词不定式to do的结构。2. 确定评估证据:学生能够在语境中正确地使用不定式来表达自己的意愿和目的。3. 基于英语学习活动观设计学习体验和教学活动。
八年级下册第七单元的话题是自然地理的事实和数据。Grammar Focus的板块内容是地理数据的比较级和最高级。“逆向设计”如下:1. 确定预期结果:学生能正确使用地理数据的比较级和最高级。2. 确定评估证据:学生能使用比较级和最高级,准确地介绍地理数据。3. 基于英语学习活动观设计学习体验和教学活动。
九年级第二单元的话题是节日和庆祝活动。Grammar focus的重难点是宾语从句。学生原先在阅读中对宾语从句有一定的感知度和敏感度,但没有系统地学习过宾语从句的结构,对宾语从句仍然比较陌生,而宾语从句又是初中语法中的一个难点。针对该内容进行“逆向设计”如下:1. 确定预期结果:学生能理解和使用宾语从句中that和if作为连接词的用法。2. 确定评估证据:学生能够通过回复书信的形式,在书面语中正确地使用不定式。3. 基于英语学习活动观设计学习体验和教学活动。
(2) 分析文本与诊断测评结果弱项之间的关联,依据教学进度,选择合适的教学材料来解决优诊学发现的问题。
优诊学报告显示,学生在动宾搭配、名词、形容词的某些常用语法层面存在问题,因而教师选用人教版教材的Grammar Focus部分,每两周一次开展正规的语法课教学。教授名词单复数、动词不定式、形容词比较级和最高级。
3. 教学过程9 U2 Grammar
Step 1 Lead-in
教师首先呈现该语法板块中的语篇(Activity 4b),要求学生进行阅读。
Dear Xia Yu,
Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? One is Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May, and the other is Father’s Day on the third Sunday of June. On these two days, American children often give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner. Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers. I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mother’s Day and Father’s Day in China. I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. I believe that there are many ways to show our love. Actually, we don’t have to spend a lot of money. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead.
June
Step 2 Answer the questions
由于学生对宾语从句还较为陌生,教师则利用提问的方式,让学生从文本中找出答案,从而引出宾语从句:
(1)Are there any special days for parents in America?
(2)Is it popular to celebrate these days in China?
(3)What does June wonder?
(4)How does June think of the way to show our love?
通过以上提问的回答,学生初步可以找到文章中的宾语从句。比如,对事实的陈述,用连接词that,对一般疑问句的陈述,用连接词if等。由于该教学活动比较单一,教师利用brainstorm的方式,要求学生阅读找出June想要了解的问题,学生在读宾语从句时,不难从中获取答案。
Step 3 Discuss in groups
小组讨论,回答June的问题,并且要求学生用“that”这一连接词表达事实和自己的看法,以此来练习和巩固宾语从句。至于对if这一连接词的操练,教师对学生进行追问:
(1)If you were Xia Yu, is it enough to just answer June’s questions?
(2)What else do you think we can tell June?
其中有学生回答:
S1:Besides answering June’s questions, we also need to tell her some traditional days in China.
S2:I think we can also tell June the similar day as Mother’s Day or Father’s Day. For example, we have ChongYang Day. It is a day to show our love to the old.
...
Step 4 Introduce Chong Yang Day(writing)
教师根据学生说的重阳节,对其进行介绍和阐述,这里还涉及到文化差异的问题。重阳节是中国传统节日,但西方没有尊老这一说法。于是,教师可以引导学生向June介绍重阳节,并且在书信中询问美国人是否有重阳节,或者美国人是否有老人相关的节日。在这一环节,教师可以要求学生用“if”这一连接词表达自己的疑惑,以此来练习和巩固宾语从句。
Step 5 Share your writing
学生写完作文后,同桌进行交换,教师要求学生在阅读对方作文过程中圈画中宾语从句,并判断宾语从句是否正确使用。以下是一位同学的回信。
Dear June,
Thanks for telling me the two special days for our mother and father. I know that they are important for Americans. Nowadays, it is also popular for Chinese people to celebrate these two days for parents. For Chinese children, we often give flowers and cards for our parents. I share the same opinions with you. I also believe that there are many ways to express our love to our parents, even doing some chores can be the best gift for them. Do you know that there is a special day for the old in China—Chong Yang Day? Since it’s celebrated on September 9th of Chinese lunar calendar, it is also well-known as Double Ninth Festival. On that day, we usually spend the day with the old in our family and show our wishes to them. I wonder if there is also a day for old people in your country? I think that it’s important to be kind to the old, no mater there is a special day for them or not. Hope to hear from you.
Xia Yu
从划线部分可以看出,该学生较好地掌握了宾语从句的用法。会用连接词that来表述自己的观点和看法。会使用连接词if表达自己的疑惑。
Step 7 Polish your writing
学生当场修改作文,并注意宾语从句使用的正确性。
Step 8 Homework
Polish your writing.